| Gregório de Mattos | |
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A drawing of Gregório de Mattos |
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| Born | Gregório de Mattos e Guerra 7 April 1636 Salvador, Bahia, Portuguese Colony of Brazil |
| Died | 26 November 1696 (aged 60) Recife, Pernambuco, Portuguese Colony of Brazil |
| Pen name | Boca do Inferno |
| Occupation | Poet, lawyer |
| Nationality | Portuguese Empire |
| Ethnicity | White |
| Alma mater | University of Coimbra |
| Subjects | Satires |
| Literary movement | Baroque |
| Spouse(s) | Michaella de Andrade, Maria dos Povos |
| Relative(s) | Eusébio de Mattos |
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Gregório de Mattos e Guerra (Salvador April 7, 1636 – Recife November 26, 1696) was the most famous Colonial Brazilian Baroque poet. Although he wrote many lyrical and religious poems, he was more well-known by his satirical ones, winning because of them the nickname "Boca do Inferno" (in English: Hell's Mouth).
He is the patron of the 16th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters.
Gregório de Mattos e Guerra was born in Bahia, to Gregório de Mattos (a Portuguese nobleman) and Maria da Guerra (a matron). He studied at the Jesuit College and travelled to Lisbon in 1652, entering the University of Coimbra, where he completed his Law degree in 1661. There he became friends with poet Tomás Pinto Brandão (1664–1743) and married D. Michaella de Andrade, and, two years later, was appointed to a judgeship in Alcácer do Sal. In 1672, he served as solicitor for the city of Bahia to the Portuguese court.
In 1679 he returned to Brazil as a widower. He was married for a second time in 1691 to Maria dos Povos, but led a rather bohemian life. A malcontent, he criticized everyone and everything: the church, government and all classes of people, from the rich and powerful to the lowly pauper, sparing no race or profession. His irreverent and satiric writings eventually got him into trouble, and Gregório was exiled to Angola in 1694, where he is said to have contracted a letal disease. Very ill, he managed to return to Brazil the following year, but he was prohibited from entering Bahia and from distributing his poetry. He instead went to Recife, where he died in 1696 - few minutes before death, he asked two catholic priests to come at him and stand each one aside of his body, thus he alleged to be "dying between two thieves, similarly to Jesus Christ in his crucifixion".
His older brother was the painter and orator Eusébio de Mattos (1629–1692).
The works of Gregório de Mattos were not published or more well-known until the 19th century. This was because of the heavy content of his satires. During his lifetime, his poetry could only be found in private diaries and codices.
The Brazilian Academy of Letters published a collection of his poetry in six volumes:
| Preceded by New creation |
Brazilian Academy of Letters - Patron of the 16th chair |
Succeeded by Araripe Júnior (founder) |